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Data Sources

The Salmonella Serovar Wiki consolidates information from publicly available data sources, including peer-reviewed scientific literature, surveillance reports, genomic databases, and regulatory agency publications.

Source Selection

Sources are primarily U.S.- and Europe-based. We are actively working to expand coverage with global contributors. See Contributing if you can help.

Primary Sources

Source Description
Food Safety News Covers current foodborne illness outbreaks, recalls, and regulatory updates.
RASFF EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed — notifications sent to alert relevant authorities about product recalls or border rejections.
PubMed Peer-reviewed papers related to serovars of interest can be retrieved.
NCBI Pathogen Detection Aggregates sequence data and metadata from worldwide sources, including but not limited to public health labs, to identify infection clusters, investigate potential sources of infections and isolation sources, investigate links between cases, and assess AMR profiles.
Institut Pasteur — Antigenic Formulae of the Salmonella Serovars (WHO) Provides a detailed formula for each Salmonella serovar, including somatic (O), flagellar (H), capsular (Vi) antigens, as well as serogroup information (9th ed., PDF).
SPRAT An interactive resource for monitoring the top food animal-related Salmonella serovars using publicly available sequence data from CDC and USDA-FSIS. It enables users to visualize the genomic landscape of each serovar, compare characteristics between isolates, and identify clusters of interest.

CDC

Division Description
Salmonella Atlas 1968–2011 Provides information on animal reservoirs and geographical distribution of cases for a given serovar, but all results are based solely on U.S. isolates.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Contains information on outbreaks and isolation sources at the serovar level (U.S. only).
Reports of Selected Salmonella Outbreak Investigations These reports summarize selected outbreak investigations linked to food, by year.
BEAM Dashboard Tracks AMR information for a given serovar, including the percentage of outbreak-associated isolates with clinically important AMR.
FoodNet Fast Tracks infections caused by foodborne pathogens like Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli, and others in the U.S.

USDA FSIS

Division Description
Quarterly Sampling Reports on Salmonella and Campylobacter These reports provide the percentage of positive samples and serotype sampling data for Salmonella and Campylobacter for FSIS-inspected raw products.
Outbreak Investigation Annual Reports These reports provide a summary of outbreaks investigated each fiscal year, detailing the number of outbreaks, pathogens involved, associated products, illnesses, and the number of outbreaks leading to product recalls.
NARMS Multi-Year Report 2014–2019 This report analyzed trends in Salmonella serotypes and AMR in select food animal species and products sampled through NARMS from 2014 to 2019.

FDA

Division Description
Public Health Advisories from Investigations of Foodborne Illness Outbreaks These advisories are issued during outbreak investigations when specific, actionable steps are identified for consumers to protect themselves.
NARMS Now This interactive FDA tool provides AMR data for bacteria isolated from humans, including Salmonella.

ECDC

Division Description
Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases This interactive tool allows users to explore data on infectious diseases including salmonellosis, allowing users to query and manipulate the information based on user-defined criteria and generate customized tables and maps.
Salmonellosis — Annual Epidemiological Report This report focuses exclusively on salmonellosis and is based on data from The European Surveillance System.
EU Summary Report on AMR in Zoonotic and Indicator Bacteria This report, jointly produced by the European Food Safety Authority and ECDC, summarizes the key findings from the 2021–2022 monitoring of AMR in Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter from humans, food-producing animals, and meat products.

Genomic and Taxonomic References

  • White–Kauffmann–Le Minor scheme for serotyping (Antigenic Formulae of the Salmonella Serovars, 9th ed., WHO Collaborating Centre)
  • NCBI Pathogen Detection database for isolate metadata and cluster analysis
  • Peer-reviewed phylogenetic studies, including den Bakker et al. (2011) and Chen et al. (2025)

Update Criteria

New outbreaks, recalls, or border rejections are added when they meet at least one of the following:

  1. Substantial public health concern — e.g., a human outbreak with >100 cases
  2. Novel commodity — associated with a food vehicle not yet documented in the Wiki
  3. Final investigation update — provides closure on a previously ongoing investigation