S. Give¶

At a Glance


Antigenic Formula	`3,{10}{15}{15,34}:l,v:1,7`
Serogroup	O:3,10 (E1)
NCBI Pathogen Detection	View isolates

Background Information¶

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Give (antigenic formula: 3,{10}{15}{15,34}:l,v:1,7) is a serovar of the O:3,10 (E₁) serogroup. This serovar has been reported to cause brain abscess and bacteremia in a 3-year old female child. Serovar Give was associated with a cattle outbreak, but further details regarding the incident are unavailable.

Genetic Characteristics¶

Serovar Give has been found to be polyphyletic with two lineages identified. In a Venezuela study, the bla_TEM-1 and bla_SHV-12 genes were identified in S. Give SG9611, while bla_TEM-1 and bla_CTX-M-2 were found in the other three strains: S. Give SG9811, S. Heidelberg SH7511, and SH7911. Notably, the qnrB19 gene was detected in all four strains, irrespective of their origin or serovars. In an outbreak study, all human isolates analyzed in clusters 1 and 2 through MLST exhibited resistance to monoglucoside. In pig farms in Ibadan, Nigeria, the majority of the multidrug-resistant isolates were S. Give, comprising 24 isolates (47.1%), which exhibited co-resistance to nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.

Animal Reservoir¶

Unknown but serovar Give has previously been isolated in livestock such as cattle, pigs, and exotic animals such as camels.

Geographical Distribution¶

Serovar Give has been reported worldwide such as the UK and the US.

Human/Animal Outbreaks¶

Year	Location	Associated source	Number of cases
2022	Greece	Roasted pork	10
2016	Malta	Local food manufacturer¹	36
2008	France	Formula milk	8
2004	Germany	Raw pork mince	115

¹ Salmonella Give were found in packaged bean dips, ham, and pork.

Border Rejections¶

Year	Exporting country	Importing country	Associated source	Product category
2023	Belarus	Lithuania	Rapeseed expeller	Feed materials
2021	Brazil	Germany	Black pepper¹	Herbs and spices
2021	India	Netherlands	Turmeric powder 2% curcumine²	Herbs and spices

¹ Salmonella Infantis and Give were both found.

² Informing consignor and Distribution restricted to notifying country

Recalls¶

Year	Location	Recalled food	Type
2025	Czech Republic	Chilled duck with giblets from Hungary¹	Poultry meat and poultry meat products

¹ Product (presumably) was no longer on the market.