S. Manhattan¶

At a Glance


Antigenic Formula	`6,8:d:1,5`
Serogroup	O:6,8 (C2)
NCBI Pathogen Detection	View isolates

Background Information¶

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Manhattan (antigenic formula 6,8:d:1,5) is a serovar of the O:6,8 (C₂) serogroup. Between 2017 and 2018, serovar Manhattan represented nearly half (46.7%) of all Salmonella isolated from broiler chickens in Japan, a trend that persisted with its detection in chicken breast in 2021.

Genetic Characteristics¶

Serovar Manhattan has been found to be polyphyletic with two lineages identified and four stand-alone singletons that do not cluster with any other Salmonella Manhattan isolates. A newly discovered Salmonella Manhattan phage, vB_Sal_M467, was isolated and was found to be stable across various temperatures and pH levels with strong lytic activity against 12 different Salmonella serotypes, including key proteins like lysozyme, holin, and endopeptidase Rz protein. Additionally, it effectively controlled Salmonella Manhattan contamination in milk, apple juice, and lettuce. Two serovar Manhattan isolates with the presence of qnrS1, sul2, tet(D), aph(3")-lb/aph(6)-ld, and floR showed resistance to streptomycin and chloramphenicol. A survey from 2009 to 2012 pointed out that the increasing presence of serovar Manhattan in Japan was associated with a yearly uptick in resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftiofur. A Japanese study found that all serovar Manhattan isolates they tested were susceptible to β-lactam in 2018. Another earlier Japanese study revealed that the majority of serovar Manhattan was susceptible to kanamycin. In addition, those serovar Manhattan isolates exhibited higher resistant rate of β-lactam than serovar Infantis and Schwarzengrund.

Animal Reservoir¶

Pigs and chickens are potential reservoirs for serovar Manhattan. Serovar Manhattan was also found in turtles (chelonians), and other reptiles including Iguanas (Conolophus subcristatus), captive Andros and Bahamian rock iguanas (Cyclura cychlura and Cychlura rileyi).

Geographical Distribution¶

According to the metadata from NCBI PD, serovar Manhattan has been reported worldwide.

Human/Animal Outbreaks¶

Year	Location	Associated source	Number of cases
2021	US	Unknown	11
2019	US: multistate	Backyard poultry¹	1134
2009	Italy	Unknown	15
2005-2006	France	Meat products	69
1997-1998	Denmark	Pork (suspected)	39
1996	France	Bacon²	72

¹ This outbreak involved multiple serovars including Salmonella Agona, Alachua, Altona, Anatum, Braenderup, Enteritidis, Infantis, Manhattan, Montevideo, Muenchen, Newport, and Oranienburg. The number of cases here does not apply only to infections caused by serovar Manhattan.

² Salmonella Heidelberg and Manhattan were both found.

Border Rejections¶

There have been no recent border rejections linked to this serovar.

Recalls¶

There have been no recent recalls linked to this serovar.