S. Litchfield¶

At a Glance


Antigenic Formula	`6,8:l,v:1,2`
Serogroup	O:8 (C2-C3)
NCBI Pathogen Detection	View isolates

Background Information¶

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Litchfield (antigenic formula 6,8:l,v:1,2) is a serovar of the O:8 (C₂-C₃) serogroup. An outbreak linked to poultry (no further details were included in the paper, so this is not described in the human outbreaks section below), caused by serovar Litchfield, showed thehighest proportionof positive isolates in urine samples (17%, or 3 out of 18 cases). Serovar Litchfield has also been reported to cause an outbreak in a herd of cattle with sparrows considered as the most likely vehicle of infection.

Genetic Characteristics¶

Serovar Litchfield has been found to be polyphyletic with two lineages identified. Medalla et al. reported that Litchfield (2.9%) has the second highest proportion of isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin in their study. González-Sanz et al. reported serovar Litchfield isolated in Spain from 2001 to 2005 with the presence of bla_CTX-M-1. Yamazaki et al. reported that a plasmid pRY82, which mediates lactose-utilization, was isolated from a serovar Litchfield strain.

Animal Reservoir¶

Poultry and turtles may be potential hosts.

Geographical Distribution¶

Based on the metadata from NCBI PD, serovar Litchfield has been reported worldwide but mainly in US.

Human/Animal Outbreaks¶

Year	Location	Associated Source	Number of Cases
2022	US: multistate	Raw salmon	39
2019	Canada	Italian Style mild, dry, cured sausage	13
2009	Australia	Barramundi fillets (suspected)	76
2009	Spain	Pet turtles¹	6
2008	Canada & US: multistate	Cantaloupe	At least 50
2006-2007	Australia	Papaya	26
2003	Australia	Cucumbers (suspected)	4
NA	Australia	Waterborne (suspected)²	NA

¹ Both Salmonella Paratyphi B and Litchfield were involved. The case number does not reflect the number of infections linked to Salmonella Litchfield only.

² OzFoodNet Outbreak Register. Unpublished data.

Border Rejections¶

There have been no recent border rejections linked to this serovar.

Recalls¶

Year	Location	Recalled food	Type
2022	US: multistate	Raw salmon¹	Fish and fish products
2019	Canada	Italian Style mild, dry, cured sausage²	Meat and meat products (other than poultry)

¹ Mariscos Bahia, Inc., based in Pico Rivera, CA, has voluntarily issued a recall. The affected products consist of fresh, raw salmon, as well as all other fresh fish processed in the same facility, including fresh, raw halibut, Chilean seabass, tuna, and swordfish.

² Canadian Food Inspection Agency issued a recall for Filicetti brand Italian Style mild, dry, cured sausage.